After calving, the milk yield of cows shows a rapid increase and reaches its peak within the first 70 days of lactation. During this period and afterward, proper feeding as well as suitable care and housing conditions are essential to maintain high milk production. Due to insufficient appetite after calving, body fat reserves are utilized, causing rapid weight loss. As a result, cows may develop ketosis (metabolic disorder) and fatty liver. During this time, cows may not show estrus or may experience silent heat, and fertility problems often occur. With a correct and balanced ration, cows become more resistant to diseases, produce higher milk yields, and conceive more easily. Throughout the entire milking period, dairy cows must be fed a balanced ration in terms of protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals. If this balance is not achieved, cows cannot reach the targeted milk performance, and nutrition-related health problems may arise.