Feeding high-yielding dairy cows is a sensitive process that requires special care and attention. During the last 15–20 days before calving, the appetite of pregnant dairy cows decreases significantly. Due to calving stress, these animals lose weight rapidly. As feed intake remains low while milk yield rises quickly, the energy requirements of the cows cannot be met, causing them to lose body condition. Rapid weight loss may lead to metabolic problems such as uterine diseases. In the nutrition of high-yielding cows, feeds must not only have a balanced energy and protein content but also be highly digestible and palatable. If cows are not fed with a balanced ration containing sufficient levels of energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals after calving, estrus will not occur. Cows must have continuous access to high-quality, clean, and fresh water. Providing water only at specific times reduces feed intake and causes rumen acidosis, which in turn results in lameness. Ovarian cysts and uterine diseases increase, and conception rates decline.